![]() Some may deem these social costs acceptable if smoking rates declined 15 percent, as suggested by the legal sales data. The First 5 program expects a 20 percent decline in revenue by June 2024 and is already struggling to maintain current operations. California’s First 5 program-named for the first five years of life-provides services including preschools, homeless family housing, and pediatric dental and mental health services. Social programs that receive a large portion of their revenue from these earmarked taxes have been hit particularly hard. ![]() California dedicates 96 percent of its cigarette tax revenue to specific purposes, including health care, social services, and Medicaid. A sales tax should exempt business-to-business transactions which, when taxed, cause tax pyramiding.Ĭollections from cigarettes decreased an estimated $52 million, and excise tax revenues fell nearly $192 million, similar to forecasted projections. Many governments exempt goods like groceries base broadening, such as including groceries, could keep rates lower. Over 10 months, sales tax A sales tax is levied on retail sales of goods and services and, ideally, should apply to all final consumption with few exemptions. Excise taxes are commonly levied on cigarettes, alcoholic beverages, soda, gasoline, insurance premiums, amusement activities, and betting, and typically make up a relatively small and volatile portion of state and local and, to a lesser extent, federal tax collections. 2022 sales were down more than 80 percent from their 1982 levels, averaging about a two percent decline per year over the period.Įxcise tax An excise tax is a tax imposed on a specific good or activity. paid cigarette sales dropped about 15 percent from the same period the previous year, exceeding the rate at which sales had been falling in California.įigure 1 shows that legal sales have been trending downward for more than 40 years. In the months after, from December 2022 to September 2023, total tax A tax is a mandatory payment or charge collected by local, state, and national governments from individuals or businesses to cover the costs of general government services, goods, and activities. Prior to the ban in December 2022, menthol cigarettes made up about 24.5 percent of legal sales in the state. ![]() While legal sales are down, new data reveal that Californians are still smoking menthol cigarettes after the ban. ![]() It’s been almost a year since California banned the sale of all flavored tobacco products, and the big question is: did it work? ![]()
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![]() While shopping at Piggly Wiggly, please take a look around the wide range of exceptional stores in Rogers Plaza Shopping Center.
![]() ![]() ![]() It’s an event enjoyed by both die hard fans and families alike and has raised thousands of pounds for charity. Since then it has moved to Burnley Football Club and grown from strength to strength and now, in its 15th year has moved to Blackburn Rovers Football Club, and continues to attracts huge numbers of fans and is one of the biggest and most recognised events in the north. Snowy Mountain Rescue (Star Wars: Young Jedi Adventures) (Little Golden Book) on Amazon.Star Wars Fan Fun Day is an event for Star Wars fans by Star Wars fans started in 2008, the first event was held at the Clayton Conference centre with one guest and over 400 attendees. ![]()
![]() By then, the children of the original pidgin speakers had fully developed a Hawaiian creole language, and you can still hear this language spoken today. In fact, the Hawaiian Pidgin language became so popular on the islands, that it was the predominant language in the 1920s. And each of these cultures has left a mark on the adopted native language. You’re still able to order authentic Portuguese sausage and malasadas for breakfast, Japanese bento box lunches are popular, and you can find authentic Chinese food in Honolulu. You can see the influence that each of these cultures has had on the islands. And Pidgin began to flourish as these farming communities developed. After all, it’s quite difficult to work with people you are unable to communicate with. The Hawaiian Pidgin language began to develop as a necessity on the sugar plantations. And these workers lived in close proximity to each other. Farmworkers from China, Korea, Portugal, Japan, Russia, Spain, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines flocked to the islands for work. Sugar cane plantations began to draw in migrant workers from around the world in the mid-1800s. And in rare cases, you might even meet someone who has lived on the islands all their lives and speaks Hawaiian creole as their main language. Oftentimes, creole speakers take on this new language as their main form of communication.Įnglish is the predominant language on the islands, but pidgin still flourishes with the locals. The children of pidgin speakers tend to take the new, crude language to add vocabulary and grammar to flesh out a fully functional language. And pidgin speakers also speak the main language as their predominant form of communication.Ĭreole refers to the language spoken most commonly by the children of pidgin speakers. It’s essentially a way to fuse multiple languages into one simple form of communication in order to bridge the gap between cultures. A pidgin is a form of communication developed by people who have no common language. Linguists use the terms pidgin and creole to identify types of hybrid languages. So, you’ll have to post up in a public space to listen closely, and you’ll learn the ways of Hawaiian Pidgin. It’s spoken by locals to locals, but a local will be unlikely to speak it directly to you. The Pidgin language is meant to be easy to learn as a way of bridging cultures, so, with a keen ear and a bit of patience, you can learn the language of Hawaii. The Creole-style tongue is recognizable because English words are scattered throughout, but they are mixed in with some unrecognizable terms. Just like the population of Hawaii, Pidgin is a fusion of cultures from around the world. It sounds a bit familiar, but it is totally separate from English. But there’s another mysterious language that you keep hearing in grocery stores and at restaurants. ![]() If you’re lucky, you might even hear the authentic Hawaiian language. So, when you touch down on the islands, you shouldn’t be shocked to hear Asian languages being spoken. Native islanders make up only 10% of the population. In fact, the most predominant ethnicity on the islands is Asian which makes Hawaii one of only five states to have a majority-minority population. Hawaii is America’s 50th state.īut you’ll soon realize that the Hawaiian islands are quirky little melting pots of cultures. ![]() This tropical paradise, sitting on eight islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, can feel like another country. Sugary white sand, swaying hula skirts and fragrant tropical drinks beckon millions from around the world. The Hawaiian islands can seem like a dreamland. ![]() ![]() ![]() Broad Compatibility with Video Platforms - Extensive Content Access: These updates ensure the app remains efficient and secure. This video player is regularly updated to improve performance and add new features. Regular Updates - Enhanced Performance and Features: These customizable options cater to individual preferences and device capacities. This includes selecting the download location, setting download speeds, and choosing the quality of the video. Users have the flexibility to customize download settings in this video-downloading app. Multiple Downloads Simultaneously - Efficient Download Management: This feature simplifies finding and downloading content from online platforms without leaving the app. VidMate App includes an integrated browser and search engine, allowing you to access and search for videos directly within the app. In-Built Browser and Search Engine - Easy Access to Online Videos: Offering 4k video quality, the app says it all. Why compromise when you can have the best streaming experience?Īlthough the app does not own any content, they have collaborated with most of the top-notch video streaming apps, and you can have them all at your fingertip through VidMate Old. High-quality streaming experience- Enhance your online streaming WhatsApp statuses are always in disappearing mode, and if you want to see them after 24 hours, they will not be shown.īut through this Media Player app, you can easily see all such posts even after 24 hours, and you also can save them through this app on your device and see them anytime later. Saves your WhatsApp statuses- Save your friend's statuses in a single go This feature is provided within this app. This video downloader & player app offers this unique feature via which you can easily convert all the video files you find here into an MP3 one.įor that, you do not have to download any third-party tool or an outsider application. Convert videos to MP3- Convert your videos to audio in a single tap The app is entirely free of cost for all users, and thus, you can freely download anything and everything through this app. While using VidMate App, you can save a lot of money as you do not have to spend a single penny on buying the app's subscription and avail of its exclusive features. VidMate App will be installed and you can enjoy its features.Free Downloading- Download all your favourite content for free Tap or choose the Install button and wait a minute. There will be a list of permissions required by the app and an Install button on the bottom. Step 3: Now press back and go to continue your installation process. ![]() All you have to do is turn on allow from this source as shown in the screenshot below. See the screenshot below for further assistance.įor Android 7.0 and above: After you tap on Settings, you will see an allow from this source disabled for the browser you used to download Vidmate.apk. You may be asked for confirmation again, just tap OK. Tap on Settings options and read below.įor Android 6.0 or Older: If you are using Android 6.0 marshmallow or older version of Android, scroll down to find Unknown sources after tapping Settings on the previous step. If this is the first time you are installing an apk file outside of Google Play, then your phone may not allow you to install it and show a warning “Installation Blocked” or a message telling you that you are not allowed to install from this source as shown in the following screenshot. Step 2: When the download completes, tap on Vidmate.apk file you just downloaded. ![]() ![]() It has better conductivity, resistance, and corrosiveness than aluminum wires but is not as good as copper. On the other hand, aluminum wires are not that good in conductivity, resistance, or corrosiveness.Īluminum is good for shorter distances, cheap, and lightweight. That will save the wire from corrosion without affecting the wire. ![]() You can use the wires in whatever way you want because there is no fear of breakage.īesides, the wires have a green tarnish layer called Patina, which gets oxidized if the wires are exposed for longer periods. The wires can carry enough current for longer distances without getting overheated. They are higher in conductivity, heat resistance, corrosion, and strength. There are multiple wire materials, but the three most used wires for electrical purposes are:Ĭopper wires are the most favored wires for electrical purposes. These factors will determine the right wire size for a 400 amp service. The right size of wire for a 400 amp service is 1,000 kcmil.īut, the actual size varies depending on various factors. What is the right wire size for 400 amp service?
![]() Librera is another general book reader that allows most document formats to be read, such as PDF files. There's also a document scanner included in the app. The PDF features are especially strong, with the ability to read, convert, and edit PDF files. WPS Office is a free all-in-one office suite that can be used to read, edit, and create Word and PDF documents, as well as spreadsheets and presentation files. docx files, RTF, plain text, and other text-based documents. This means the app is not only able to open and view PDF files, but also epub, mobi, as well as Word. ReadEra is an app specifically made for reading a wide-range of documents, especially files intended to be read as books. What are some alternative PDF readers for Android? However, if you're largely working on shared files, signing and scanning, or otherwise just viewing files, an Android PDF reader should offer more than enough tools. You can download PDF editor and PDF reader apps for Android - so if you're in and out of documents all the time, a more powerful editor may be the right choice. High zoom factors, page cropping and a full-screen mode help you focus on the content, Night Mode makes for comfortable reading in darker environments and versatile search tools and table of contents support enables drilling down to key areas of the file.īest PDF readers for Android: FAQs Do I need a PDF editor or a PDF reader on Android? ![]() The core PDF viewing engine is what really matters, though, and Xodo's creation works very well. Thumbnail previews and a Recent Files list give you speedy access to the documents you need, and you're able to freely rename, copy, move or delete any documents. There's another neat extra in Xodo's File Manager. That's not just about providing an easy way to import documents from the cloud: Xodo can also automatically sync your edits with the source file, ensuring it always has the very latest version. Supporting features include smart integration with Dropbox, Google Drive and OneDrive. It's even possible to collaborate on your document with others via Xodo's connect service (no registration required). You can fill in, save and send PDF forms, or highlight text and add annotations of your own. Despite its name, the app isn't just about PDF reading: you can also create new PDFs via your camera, from images or Office documents. Xodo PDF Reader stands out from the underpowered masses for the range and depth of its feature set. ![]() Enterprise licensing for teams is also available on request. However, once you want to edit, save, or export your files, you’ll need to sign up to one of three monthly/annual subscription plans. ![]() ![]() If all you need is to read a PDF on your Mac, the service is entirely free. For easy access, you’ll find these, and more, along the ribbon at the top of the screen - although they’re also listed at the foot of the homepage if your needs are specific. But pdfFiller is more than a PDF reader - it’s a fully featured PDF editor, and one that, after an extensive review, we found to be “a very versatile PDF document management system.” It delivers a range of features, such as online collaboration tools, PDF converter, and e-signatures. Simply viewing PDF documents is free, fast, and simple enough without needing to sign up - just upload the file and it’s yours to view. PdfFiller offers one of the best PDF readers for Android, with an online version and apps for Windows, Mac, and iOS, too. Learning curve may be steep for advanced tools That's no surprise, but if you're on a budget, keep in mind that some PC-based PDF editors can carry out many of these tasks for free. While Foxit's core functionality is free, a number of more advanced features are only available if you subscribe (converting PDFs, combining files, password protection, digital certificates, OneDrive Business support). Simple annotation tools are on hand to assist in highlighting text, adding notes or drawing on the page, and Foxit's Connected technology enables sharing comments and changes with others in real time.įorm handling is a major plus, with options to fill out and save forms, import and export their data and submit forms via HTTP, FTP and email. PDFs open quickly, you can control orientation with ease, text reflows to fit and you're able to tweak brightness and change the background to make for comfortable reading in all situations. It doesn't take long to understand Foxit's success. Foxit PDF Reader is a popular Android PDF reader with more than a hundred thousand installs recorded on Google Play, and a high rating of 4.6. ![]() ![]() ![]() Not to be confused with Gregory the main character of Five Nights at Freddy's: Security Breach. Greg is the main protagonist of Fazbear Frights: Fetch. He appears as the titular main antagonist of the first short story in Fetch and a posthumous antagonist in Epilogue 3, 4 and 5. Fetch is a major antagonist in the Five Nights at Freddy's: Fazbear Frights anthology novel series. Later after being discovered, Fetch gives Greg some unusual text messages via his phone on the next day It could also explain how Michael was able to communicate with William but was not privy to his location, even though at the time William should have been sealed shut in a safe room he still seems to be interacting with the world and Animatronica could very well be the Catalyst.Fetch was first found from the abandoned Freddy Fazbear's Pizza building by Greg, Hadi, and Cyril. To free the spirits we did incredibly odd things that were foreshadowed in FNaF World, could Michael Afton have a connection to Animatronica that allowed him to retain the knowledge needed to accomplish the true ending? From a lore perspective we can assume he wasn't just fumbling around with an arcade cabinet through a camera but rather knew what to do and was seeking out the spirits. By the events of FNaF 3 we are currently running with the assumption that a certain Michael Afton is seeking to repair the sins of his father even though he himself is part Animatronic, or fully Animatronic. We also see that the events that occur during FNaF world allow us to help the Spirits in FNaF 3. The animatronics in "The Silver Eyes" were described to be synced up to each other, I believe that this Sync would happen to be a space we know all too familiarly as Animatronica. Fetch was also connected to the Internet of Things or possibly just the main characters cell phone. ![]() The story seems to be pointed in a direction of Spirits Being able to control the animatronics through sheer will and electronic REG. In the newest Fazbear Frights first story "Fetch" there is a big point drawn about Fetch Functioning as a (REG) Random Event Generator, something that the spirits can use to control the electronics inside of the animatronics and make the perform actions post-mortem. May 16th - Teaser trailer for the Five Nights at Freddy's Movie was released!Īrt Assets by /u/Mrwinters666 and /u/angileri4Īdditional CSS by /u/JuniorGenius, /u/NomNomNomNation, /u/Mrwinters666 and /u/f-n-a-f-g-y-f-r Honk! ![]() May 19th - Gameplay trailer for FNaF Ruin was released! Unsure about any rules? Message us via modmail!.Policy on political discussion (see guidelines) No misleading, undescriptive, clickbait or self-deprecating titles.ġ1. Posts solely for advertising, let’s plays and livestreams are not allowed. I wish I could give you some awards but for now take this doggo appreciation. It’s exactly how I pictured him in the story, which makes it a tad creepy to me seeing it finally made into a model. Light NSFW (gore, very light suggestive) is allowed.ĥ. This is fucking perfect, it’s amazing and just absolutely everything about it is spot on. Limit content to anything about FNaF and/or the community.Ĥ. This contains sub-rules, fangame regulations & policies.ģ. ![]() Plush: /u/SpringPopo Banner: yankeeexplains "Whoever came up with April Fools Day should be drug out into the street and shot.”ġ. ![]() ![]() ![]() Advantages of this type of vehicle are that it uses existing infrastructure and offers long ranges compared to vertical take-off landing (VTOL) PAV. All these existing roadable aircrafts use a gasoline engine to drive pursher type propellers. The Taylor “Aerocar” of 1949 ( Aerocar, 2019) is an early example of this type of vehicle, with Carplane’s road/air vehicle ( Carplane, 2019) and Terrafugia’s “Transition” ( Terrafugia, 2019) bringing a modern approach to this concept. ![]() There have been a number of attempts to combine a car and an aircraft into a single vehicle – referred to as a roadable aircraft. NASA has been investigating specific vehicle technologies in the PAV sector ( Moore, 2006) under the Vehicle Systems Program ( Vito et al., 2012). Therefore, they began research on this topic through the Small Aircraft Transportation System initiative ( Viken et al., 2006), focusing on airspace-related issues considering the operation of PAVs. NASA has recognized that personal air travel using an on-demand, highly distributed air transportation system would allow for improved mobility in congested areas in the USA. Therefore, air transportation may become more important in the future ( Coronado et al., 2007).īased on current requirements, the scientific community started to focus on general aviation (GA) and personal transport aircraft. The world’s major cities are becoming increasingly overpopulated, and the land space available for ground transportation is becoming extremely limited. Furthermore, the current infrastructure must be considered such that a solution that can be seamlessly integrated into existing facilities and infrastructure, such as highways, roads, parking lots and airports, can be devised. A new style of transportation is essential to facilitate the movement of individuals from place to place without numerous complications. However, personal air vehicles (PAVs) for transportation have not been developed in any significant way. As a potential means of providing the freedom of rapid door-to-door mobility beyond what is widely available today via automobiles, numerous roadable aircraft or flying-car concepts have been proposed, patented, built and flown during the past half century by inventors, entrepreneurs and military and civil research institutes ( Lim et al., 2015). ![]() The concept of door-to-door air mobility has long been a dream in the aerospace industry. ![]() ![]() ![]() The reason is that an increase in the number of protons leads to an increased attractive electrostatic force between the nucleus and the valence electrons. Their ionic radii decrease from left to right. ![]() Ions having the same electron configuration are isoelectronic. The cations Na +, Mg 2+, and Al 3+ have the same electron configuration. ![]() ![]() Three cations and three anions are listed together with their number of protons, electron configuration, and ionic radius for 6-coordinate, octahedral geometry. Hence, this trend must be studied separately for cations and anions.Ĭonsider the period 3 elements which are shown in the table below. Horizontal: Ionic Radius Trend Across a Periodĭue to an atom’s unique ability to gain or lose electrons, the ionic radius trend across a period is not precisely similar to the atomic radius trend. The following table gives the ionic radius values of group 17 elements for 6-coordinate, octahedral geometry. The following table gives the ionic radius values of group 1 elements for 6-coordinate, octahedral geometry. Thus, the ionic radius has the same vertical trend as the atomic radius. As a result, the attractive electrostatic force between the nucleus and the valence electrons also decreases, and the electrons remain further away. An effect of shielding is that the valence electrons now see a nucleus that is reduced in charge, known as the effective nuclear charge (Z eff). The inner electrons shield the outer electrons, and the shielding increases down the group. The reason is that when an extra shell of electrons is added to the atom, the valence electrons get further away from the nucleus. Vertical: Ionic Radius Trend Down a Groupĭown a group, the atomic size and the ionic radius increases for ions with the same charge, i.e., same oxidation state. This pattern is known as the ionic radius trend. The elements display a specific pattern in their ionic radius across a period and down a group in the periodic table. Their ionic radius trend is discussed below. In other words, even though an element group might break a trend, the elements within the group display periodic properties.Most periodic table elements, except noble gases, lose or gain electrons to form ions. However, the behavior of the noble gases is periodic. The noble gases are an exception to the trend since these elements have filled electron valence shells and electron affinity values approaching zero. Nonmetals usually have higher electron affinities than metals. Electron affinity increases moving across a period and decreases moving down a group. Electron Affinity - This is a measure of readily an atom accepts an electron.Atom and ion sizes shrink moving across a period because the increasing positive charge of the nucleus pulls in the electron shell. Although it might seem like increasing the number of protons and electrons in an atom would always increase its size, the atom size doesn't increase until a new electron shell is added. Ionic radius is the distance for ions of the atoms and follows the same trend. Atomic radius decreases moving left to right across a period and increases moving down a group. Atomic Radius - This is half the distance between the middle of two atoms just touching each other.Electronegativity - A measure of how readily an atom forms a chemical bond. Electronegativity increases moving left to right across a period and decrease moving down a group.Ionization energy increases moving left to right across the table and decreases moving down a group. Ionization Energy - This is the energy needed to completely remove an electron from an atom or ion. ![]() |
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